Edited by Inna Kruman .
648 pages .Open Access .
The stability of the genome is of crucial importance. Every day, mammalian cells accumulate an estimated 100,000 lesions in their DNA as a result of exposure to reactive oxygen species, chemical deterioration of their bases, and exposure to exogenous agents such as ultraviolet and ionizing radiation. The cells have evolved complex response mechanisms to recognize and repair such injury in order to maintain genomic integrity. With the development of sophisticated molecular techniques, the spectrum of diseases benefitting from the research effort to understand the mechanisms of DNA damage response has grown to include virtually all fields where genotoxic stress plays a role in disease initiation, evolution, and treatment. One of the most important is cancer biology. It is becoming increasingly clear that DNA damage plays an essential role in neurodegeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms of cellular responses to DNA injury and how they influence mutagenesis and cell death remain unclear. This book reviews a number of important DNA repairrelated topics.
The book consists of 31 chapters, divided into six parts. Each chapter is written by one or several experts in the corresponding area. The scope of the book ranges from the DNA damage response and DNA repair mechanisms, to evolutionary aspects of DNA repair, providing a snapshot of current understanding of DNA repair processes. A collection of articles presented by active and laboratory-based investigators gives a clear understanding of the recent advances in the field of DNA repair in various cell types, including bacteria (Davydov et al.; Wang and Maier), germ (Leduc et al.), and neurons (Kruman; Coppedè).
The first part is devoted to various aspects of DNA damage response, focusing on BRCA1 (Boutou et al.; Ratanaphan), BRCA2 (Brown), TopBP1 (Forma et al.), Rad51 (Popova et al.; Boutou et al.), DDB2 (Jones et al.; Chao) and E2F1 (Zhang and Chen; Dagnino et al.) factors, the role of cell cycle machinery in DNA damage response of postmitotic cells (Kruman), the involvement of DNA-repair proteins in centrosome maintenance (Mikio), transcriptional regulatory networks controlling DNA repair pathways (Welch et al.) and on the function of microRNA in DNA damage response (Chen and Chen).
The second part of the book deals with an evolutionary view of DNA repair, focusing on meiosis as an evolutionary adaptation for DNA Repair (Bernstein et al.) and evolution of DNA repair in plants (Vuosku et al.).
The third part discusses the mechanisms of DNA repair, particularly non-homologous end-joining (Kamdar and Matsumoto), homologous recombination (Korolev), global genome nucleotide excision repair (Sugasawa) and the gratuitous repair on undamaged DNA formed by unusual DNA structures generating genomic instability (Pan et al.).
The fourth and fifth parts cover roles of DNA repair gene mutations in carcinogenesis and neurodegeneration (Long et al.; Ankathil; Hansen and Vogel; Coppede), and the role of DNA repair machinery in telomere maintenance (Uchiumi et al., Ueno). In the last part, Dr. Azqueta and colleagues review various applications of the comet assay for quantification of DNA repair capacity, including DNA repair analysis at the level
of specific genome regions.
Together, the chapters are a collection of contemporary works on DNA injury and the associated cellular response. While not every topic in the DNA damage response domain could be reviewed in the book, I do believe the authors have done an outstanding job in providing timely and relevant discussions on their respective subjects, allowing the reader to become more familiar with the field. I assume the information contained in this book underscores the significance of DNA repair in the fields of cancer research and neurodegeneration, and the need for continued investigation in this area.
The editor wishis to acknowledge Ms. Alenka Urbancic for her tireless efforts in collecting and organizing all of the manuscripts from our illustrious contributors.
Inna Kruman
Associate Professor
Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC)
Texas
USA
CONTENTS :
Part 1 of the textbook : DNA Damage Response .
1 A Recombination Puzzle Solved: Role for New DNA Repair Systems in Helicobacter pylori Diversity/Persistence 3 Ge Wang and Robert J. Maier
2 RloC: A Translation-Disabling tRNase Implicated in Phage Exclusion During Recovery from DNA Damage 21 Gabriel Kaufmann, Elena Davidov, Emmanuelle Steinfels-Kohn,
Ekaterina Krutkina, Daniel Klaiman, Tamar Margalit,
Michal Chai-Danino and Alexander Kotlyar
3 The Role of DDB2 in Regulating Cell Survival and Apoptosis Following DNA Damage - A Mini-Review 45 Chuck C.-K. Chao
4 The Potential Roles of DNA-Repair Proteins in Centrosome Maintenance 57 Mikio Shimada, Akihiro Kato and Junya Kobayashi
5 Shared Regulatory Motifs in Promoters of Human DNA Repair Genes 67 Lonnie R. Welch, Laura M. Koehly and Laura Elnitski
6 Mitochondrial DNA Damage: Role of Ogg1 and Aconitase 85 Gang Liu and David W. Kamp
7 Structure-Function Relationship of DNA Repair Proteins: Lessons from BRCA1 and RAD51 Studies 103 Effrossyni Boutou, Vassiliki Pappa, Horst-Werner Stuerzbecher
and Constantinos E. Vorgias
8 The Involvement of E2F1 in the Regulation of XRCC1-Dependent Base Excision DNA Repair 127 Yulin Zhang and Dexi Chen
9 Posttranslational Modifications of Rad51 Protein and Its Direct Partners: Role and Effect on Homologous Recombination – Mediated DNA Repair 143 Milena Popova, Sébastien Henry and Fabrice Fleury
10 Post-Transcriptional Regulation of E2F Transcription Factors: Fine-Tuning DNA Repair, Cell Cycle Progression and Survival in Development & Disease 161
Lina Dagnino, Randeep Kaur Singh
and David Judah
11 Eidetic Analysis of the Premature Chromosome Condensation Process 185 Dorota Rybaczek
12 A DNA Repair Protein BRCA1 as a Potentially Molecular Target for the Anticancer Platinum Drug Cisplatin 205 Adisorn Ratanaphan
13 Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Model System to Study the Role of Human DDB2 in Chromatin Repair 231 Kristi L. Jones, Ling Zhang and Feng Gong
14 Cell Cycle and DNA Damage Response in Postmitotic Neurons 241 Inna I. Kruman
15 TopBP1 in DNA Damage Response 281 Ewa Forma, Magdalena Brys and Wanda M. Krajewska
16 Post-Meiotic DNA Damage and Response in Male Germ Cells 305 Guylain Boissonneault, Frédéric Leduc, Geneviève Acteau, Marie-Chantal Grégoire, Olivier Simard, Jessica Leroux, Audrey Carrier-Leclerc and Mélina Arguin
17 BRCA2 Mutations and Consequences for DNA Repair 327 Erika T. Brown
18 Roles of MicroRNA in DNA Damage and Repair 341
Xinrong Chen and Tao Chen
Part 2 of the textbook : Evolution of DNA Repair .
19 Meiosis as an Evolutionary Adaptation for DNA Repair 357 Harris Bernstein, Carol Bernstein and Richard E. Michod
20 From Seed to Tree: The Functioning and Evolution of DNA Repair in Plants 383 Jaana Vuosku, Marko Suokas, Johanna Kestilä,
Tytti Sarjala and Hely Häggman
Part 3 of the textbook : Mechanisms of DNA Repair .
21 The Gratuitous Repair on Undamaged DNA Misfold 401 Xuefeng Pan, Peng Xiao, Hongqun Li, Dongxu Zhao and Fei Duan
22 ATP-Binding Cassette Properties of Recombination Mediator Protein RecF 431 Sergey Korolev
23 DNA Damage Recognition for Mammalian Global Genome Nucleotide Excision Repair 453
Kaoru Sugasawa
24 DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Through Non-Homologous End-Joining: Recruitment and Assembly of the Players 477 Radhika Pankaj Kamdar and Yoshihisa Matsumoto
Part 4 of the textbook : Polymorphism of DNA Repair Genes .
25 DNA Repair Capacity-Related to Genetic Polymorphisms of DNA Repair Genes and Aflatoxin B1-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Chinese Population 505
Xi-Dai Long, Jin-Guang Yao, Zhi Zeng, Cen-Han Huang,
Pinhu Liao, Zan-Song Huang, Yong-Zhi Huang,
Fu-Zhi Ban, Xiao-Yin Huang, Li-Min Yao,
Lu-Dan Fan and Guo-Hui Fu
26 Low Penetrance Genetic Variations in DNA Repair Genes and Cancer Susceptibility 525 Ravindran Ankathil
27 Polymorphisms in Nucleotide Excision Repair Genes and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review 539 Rikke Dalgaard Hansen and Ulla Vogel
28 Variants and Polymorphisms of DNA Repair Genes and Neurodegenerative Diseases 567 Fabio Coppedè
Part 5 of the textbook : Telomeres and DNA Repair .
29 Characterization of 5’-Flanking Regions of Various Human Telomere Maintenance Factor-Encoding Genes 585 Fumiaki Uchiumi, Takahiro Oyama, Kensuke Ozaki
and Sei-ichi Tanuma
30 Roles of DNA Repair Proteins in Telomere Maintenance 597 Masaru Ueno
Part 6 of the textbook : Measuring DNA Repair Capacity .
31 DNA Repair Measured by the Comet Assay 615 Amaya Azqueta, Sergey Shaposhnikov and Andrew R. Collins .
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